Hackney is one of three London local authorities in the 15 most deprived areas in the country (Table 5).  The City of London, on the other hand, is ranked 226.  There are 326 local authority districts in total.

Table 5: IMD2015 rank of average score of most deprived local authorities in England

Rank of average score (1=most deprived)	Local authority district
1	Blackpool
2	Knowsley
3	Kingston upon Hull, City of
4	Liverpool
5	Manchester
6	Middlesbrough
7	Birmingham
8	Nottingham
9	Burnley
10	Tower Hamlets
11	Hackney
12	Barking and Dagenham
13	Sandwell
14	Stoke-on-Trent
15	Blackburn with Darwen

Source: IMD2015

Hackney’s ranking has improved since 2010, when it was the second most deprived local authority in the country.  In fact, Hackney shows the largest reduction of all of the 10% most deprived areas over this period (Figure 9), with neighbouring Newham a close second.  The City of London has no LSOAs that fall within the 10% most deprived in the country.

Relative improvements are observed across most IMD domains, as revealed in Table 6, and in most areas of Hackney (with the exception of some areas in the east and pockets of persistent poverty in the south west of the borough). ²  Since 2010, there have been no significant changes across the IMD domains in the City of London.

Figure 9: Change in the proportion of LSOAs in most deprived 10% in the country, by local authority (2010 to 2015)

Source: Oxford Consultants for Social Inclusion/Department for Communities and Local Government Briefing, Indices of Deprivation 2015

Table 6: Percentage of Hackney neighbourhoods (LSOAs) in the top 10% most deprived in England

Domain	2010	2015	Change
IMD	42%	17%	-25%
Income	53%	21%	-32%
Employment	16%	7%	-9%
Health	11%	8%	-3%
Education	0%	0%	0%
Housing and services	100%	54%	-46%
Crime	22%	44%	22%
Living/Environment	61%	39%	-22%
Index of Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI)	59%	37%	-22%
Index of Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI)	69%	78%	9%

Source: IMD2015

1. London Borough of Hackney, “Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2015 Briefing,” 2015.
2. London Borough of Hackney, “Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2015 Briefing,” 2015.